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Gas Patio Heater Regulator If you're planning to warm up in the cold outdoors with a propane patio heater, it's crucial to be aware of how to use the appliance. Matthew Griffith, prevention section chief of the Montreal fire department, advised that customers should choose products that are safe to use. The patio heater must be properly attached and there should be no fire-prone material in the vicinity. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are mechanical devices that we pass through every day in our cars and at home without giving them a second thought. Their invention, created 135 years ago, changed the way propane and natural gas are used for cooking, heating and welding using oxyfuel. There are a number of variations in regulator design, but their basic purpose is the same. The regulator utilizes an element that senses pressure, usually a fabric-reinforced dialythm, to regulate a valve plug's location and limit the flow of gas. The diaphragm connects to the stem of the valve using a rod which runs through the set spring and diaphragm, then into the valve. The mechanism is able to detect the gas pressure inside the house or pipeline and adjusts the position of the valve plug to meet the demand. As the gas usage in the house decreases, the pressure between the regulator and the house decreases as well. This causes the diaphragm to decrease in size, and then it moves the valve plug closer to the orifice, limiting the flow. As the demand for gas in the home increases the valve will open further and increases the flow of gas. When the valve plug is closed, it is held in position by the spring force until the demand from the house drops, which opens the valve to increase flow. This process, referred to as”sizing,” is the primary operation of the regulator. When the valve is opened it creates pressure in the main chamber which is connected to the outlet port of the hose via venturi tubes. The pressure can be regulated by turning the handle or screw located on the outside of the regulator. When the screw is turned counterclockwise, it expands and decreases the pressure; when it is turned clockwise, it lowers the pressure. When selecting a pressure regulator take into consideration that the nominal maximum and minimum pressure is determined by commercial standards and not the pressure of the gas in the supply line. The regulator must be compatible with the hose you choose to use. Make sure you choose a hose that is whistle-free. It will have alternating rings of different sizes. This will prevent the resonant sounds from building up along the length. Thermocouple Thermocouples operate on the premise that different metals in contact with each other at their ends can produce a voltage, even if they are operating at extremely different temperatures. They are used to detect the temperature differences between different points in the circuit and transform that data into an electronic signal that can be read by thermocouple gauges or another instrument. Thermocouples offer a number of advantages over other sensors such as thermistors, for instance, the ability to measure extremely high temperatures and to function in corrosive environments. The measuring (or hot) junction is created by joining two metals that are not compatible at one end, while the other end, known as the reference (or cold) junction, is kept at a constant temperature. Thermocouples are passive devices meaning they don't require power in order to function. The voltage produced is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the measuring and reference junctions. Thermocouple manufacturers and metrology standard organizations such as NIST provide tables of reference for the function E (T) displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) for each type of thermocouple. There are three types of thermocouple junctions: an exposed, grounded and weld wire. The exposed style of junction protrudes from the protective sheath and offers the fastest response. A grounded thermocouple is recommended for measurements in corrosive environments. A welded wire thermocouple is physically separated from the sheath by mgO powder to prevent penetration of gas or moisture that could lead to errors. A thermocouple welded to a wire comes with the added benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended to use in harsh environments and at pressures up to 3000 psi. A thermocouple that is damaged is usually the result of a lack in the polarity. If the sheath has not been polarized, both ends of the thermocouple could have different voltages at their measurement junction. This could result in an incorrect reading or damage the instrument. A sensor that isn't properly calibrated or installed could also result in a malfunctioning thermocouple. Thermostat Unlike electric heaters which have to be wired directly into the wall Gas patio heaters are portable and use natural gas or propane cylinders for fuel. Thermostats regulate the flow of energy into these cylinders in order to ensure that they don't overflow, yet still provide heat as needed. The thermostat does this by measuring the temperature of air that is passing through it. The thermostat also detects when the room has cooled down to a comfortable level and turns off the heating. The most commonly used type of thermostat is a digital device. It utilizes a microcontroller that converts a changing electrical resistance into a measurement of temperature. It is able to do this much more accurately than older, mercury switch thermostats which used a coil of mercury with three wires that would move depending on the temperature. This enabled it to tilt a mercury switch connected to the electrical circuit of a heater or air conditioning unit, turning it on or off. Another type of thermostat is one that's mechanical. It is tiny cylinders filled with wax that starts to melt when it reaches a temperature that is perhaps 180 degrees F (different thermostats open at different temperatures). A rod that connects to the valve is then pressed into the wax, and opens the valve when it's hot. As the room cools, the wax contracts and the rod gets pulled back into the cylinder, thereby shutting the valve. There are also thermostats that can be programmed to change at different times of the day. You can cut down on energy consumption by programming your heating to switch off and on when you are at work, or asleep, instead of having it on all the time. You can also set the thermostat to come on earlier so that your home is at a comfortable temperature when you return from school or work. Thermostats often come with a feature known as a heat anticipator, which will stop the heating system from turning on too early. gas fired patio heaters fireplacesandstoves is because parts of the home often reach the set temperature before the thermostat itself does. Pilot Light Many newer homes, heating systems and furnaces have done away completely from pilot lights. However, older homes still use them to ignite gas in the burner chamber. If the pilot light ever shut off, it's crucial to know how to light it in a safe manner. A pilot light generates small flames that warm a thermocouple, which generates electricity and keeps the gas valve open. If the pilot flame goes out the thermocouple cools and ceases to produce electricity, closing the gas valve. Pilot lights are used on the majority of propane and natural gas appliances, including water heaters. To relight a pilot, you must first shut off the gas on the appliance. The next step is to take off any doors or panels that may be blocking the access to the pilot light. Follow the directions on the front of the light to open the tube for the pilot light. After you've relit the pilot then turn the knob on the gas valve to “on”. The main reason to leave a pilot light on is for safety reasons. If you accidentally shut off the pilot light, the gas that is constantly venting out of the tube could build up in your house until the spark or static electricity ignites the gas and causes an explosive explosion. The tubes designed for pilots include a built-in cutoff valve to keep this from happening. A pilot light that is constantly burning is not just dangerous but also wastes energy. A pilot light burns between $7 to $18 worth of gas each month, according to various studies. This wasted fuel puts a heavier burden on the air conditioner in summer. Another concern with pilot lights is that it can attract spiders, who can create webs that block the pilot tubes. A flame that is constant can release small amounts of the compound Mercaptan which is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs that is common in natural gas. If you're ever worried about these issues, you should consider purchasing a remote-controlled gas fire or replacing your fireplace with a modern efficient model.